茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)

茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)2020-09-27 19:09五杯茶 阅读:108 字体:
核心摘要:茶马古道比丝绸之路作为丝绸之路的起源,早在丝绸被中原地区以外的人熟知之前,这条线路便已经存在。无论是普
茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)
(茶叶):(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(上)(最)(经)(久)(不)(衰)(的)(产)(品)((上))
  
  (丝)(绸)(之)(路)(以)(中)(国)(出)(产)(的)(丝)(绸)(贸)(易)(而)(闻)(名)。
  (但)(相)(比)(丝)(绸)(本)(身),(瓷)(器)(与茶叶)(这)(两)(个)(后)(来)(居)(上)(的)(名)(牌)(才)(更)(具)(有)(生)(命)(力)。
  (以)(至)(于)(当)(丝)(绸)(生)(产)(方)(式)(被)(中)(原)(以)(外)(的)(国)(家)(掌)(握)(后),(瓷)(器)(与茶叶),(继)(续)(吸)(引)(着)(无)(数)(来)(自)(各)(地)(的)(商)(人),(络)(绎)(不)(绝)(的)(来)(到)(中)(国)。
  (古)(老)(的)(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(贸)(易),(由)(此)(得)(以)(存)(续)(到)(近)(现)(代)。
  (丝)(绸)(虽)(好)(但)(早)(已)(不)(是)(秘)(密)
  (作)(为)(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(的)(起)(源),(早)(在)(丝)(绸)(被)(中)(原)(地)(区)(以)(外)(的)(人)(熟)(知)(之)(前),(这)(条)(线)(路)(便)(已)(经)(存)(在)。
  (无)(论)(是)(普)(通)(的)(金)(属)(冶)(炼)(技)(术)(传)(播),(人)(口)(流)(动),(民)(族)(迁)(徙),(还)(是)(农)(作)(物)(和)(畜)(牧)(交)(流),(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(在)(人)(类)(文)(明)(开)(始)(不)(久)(后)(便)(已)(经)(出)(现)。
  (早)(期)(的)(中)(原)(商)(人)(也)(会)(向)(西)(探)(索),(寻)(找)(来)(自)(西)(域)(和)(田)(等)(地)(盛)(产)(的)(玉)(石)。
  (无)(形)(中),(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(已)(经)(被)(打)(通)。
  (在)(波)(斯)(帝)(国)(统)(治)(的)(时)(代),(中)(亚)(地)(区)(的)(土)(著)(们)(已)(经)(可)(以)(通)(过)(漫)(长)(的)(路)(上)(线)(路)(来)(继)(续)(贸)(易)。
  (紧)(接)(着)(的)(希)(腊)(化)(时)(代),(希)(腊)(人)(沿)(着)(中)(亚)(和)(印)(度)(的)(主)(要)(贸)(易)(线)(路),(占)(据)(或)(新)(建)(了)(大)(量)(城)(市)。
  (丝)(绸)(之)(路)(的)(贸)(易)(由)(此)(得)(到)(了)(升)(级)。
  (希)(腊)(的)(商)(人)(还)(会)(从)(地)(中)(海)(和)(红)(海)(或)(波)(斯)(湾)(出)(发),(利)(用)(印)(度)(洋)(季)(风)(优)(势),(远)(航)(到)(印)(度)(和)(锡)(兰)(等)(地)。
  (当)(地)(的)(印)(度)(商)(人)(则)(可)(以)(一)(路)(向)(东),(抵)(达)(今)(天)(的)(越)(南)(和)(广)(州)(等)(地)。
  (海)(上)(丝)(绸)(之)(路),(由)(此)(形)(成)。
  (当)(然),(真)(正)(让)(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(出)(名)(的)(还)(是)(汉)(朝)(开)(始)(后)(的)(丝)(绸)(贸)(易)。
  (虽)(然)(这)(条)(路)(线)(原)(本)(只)(是)(汉)(武)(帝)(派)(遣)(张)(骞)(向)(西)(寻)(找)(军)(事)(同)(盟)(的)(探)(索),(却)(最)(终)(为)(汉)(朝)(带)(来)(了)(收)(入)(不)(菲)(的)(贸)(易)(收)(入)。
  (虽)(然)(罗)(马)(帝)(国)(的)(金)(币)(或)(者)(希)(腊)(人)(的)(银)(币)(可)(以)(在)(中)(亚)(和)(印)(度)(各)(地)(流)(通),(却)(会)(被)(吸)(纳)(到)(汉)(朝)(人)(的)(手)(里)。
  (当)(罗)(马)(贵)(族)(们)(以)(穿)(着)(丝)(绸)(而)(彰)(显)(富)(贵)(时),(国)(内)(的)(学)(者)(们)(却)(在)(为)(贵)(重)(金)(属)(的)(不)(断)(东)(流),(痛)(心)(不)(已)。
  (这)(样)(的)(情)(况)(势)(必)(不)(会)(久)(远)。
  (中)(世)(纪)(伊)(始),(继)(续)(统)(治)(者)(地)(中)(海)(东)(部)(的)(罗)(马)(人)(向)(东)(方)(派)(出)(了)(最)(早)(的)(经)(济)(间)(谍)。
  (其)(间)(的)(具)(体)(过)(程)(已)(难)(以)(考)(证),(但)(最)(终)(是)(由)2(名)(其)(貌)(不)(扬)(的)(僧)(侣),(将)(丝)(绸)(的)(核)(心)(技)(术)(蚕),(藏)(在)(随)(身)(携)(带)(的)(手)(杖)(中),(带)(回)(了)(欧)(洲)。
  (从)(此),(欧)(洲)(人)(开)(始)(拥)(有)(了)(自)(己)(的)(丝)(织)(业)。
  (罗)(马)(帝)(国)(统)(治)(下)(的)(西)(西)(里)(岛)(便)(成)(为)(了)(欧)(洲)(驰)(名)(的)(丝)(绸)(产)(地)。
  (由)(此),(天)(朝)(的)(丝)(绸)(就)(以)(出)(口)(亚)(洲)(地)(区)(为)(主)。
  (而)(一)(项)(新)(的)(瓷)(器)(与茶叶)(则)(在)(唐)(朝)(崛)(起),(成)(为)(了)(外)(贸)(的)(主)(要)(产)(品)。
  (其)(中),(瓷)(器)(的)(推)(广)(传)(播)(受)(限)(于)(技)(术)(与)(买)(家)(需)(求)(而)(增)(涨)(缓)(慢)。
  (茶叶)(却)(异)(军)(突)(起),(在)(伺)(候)(的)(贸)(易)(份)(额)(中)(占)(据)(重)(要)(部)(分),(甚)(至)(在)(关)(键)(时)(刻)(影)(响)(深)(远)。
  (维)(系)(马)(匹)(来)(源)的(茶)(马)(古)(道)
  (唐)(朝)(时),(日)(后)(在)(丝)(绸)(之)(路)(上)(最)(为)(畅)(销)(的)(两)(种)(产)(品)(贸)(易),(孕)(育)(而)(生)。
  (瓷)(器)(崛)(起)(与茶叶)(推)(广)(都)(在)(中)(原)(王)(朝)(的)(内)(部)(初)(具)(规)(模)。
  (受)(到)(中)(原)(王)(朝)(影)(响)(巨)(大)(的)(北)(方)(游)(牧)(民)(族)(与)(西)(域)(青)(藏)(等)(地)(的)(部)(落)(国)(家)(纷)(纷)(爱)(上)(了)(喝茶)。
  (如)(果)(说)(瓷)(器)(只)(是)(部)(分)(达)(官)(贵)(人)(的)(奢)(华)(生)(活)(体)(现),(茶叶)(却)(以)(最)(快)(速)(度)(成)(为)(了)(影)(响)(当)(地)(生)(活)(质)(量)(的)(必)(需)(品)。
  (对)(于)(以)(乳)(制)(品)(和)(肉)(食)(为)(主)(要)(食)(物)(来)(源)(的)(游)(牧)/(半)(游)(牧)(部)(落)(来)(说),(茶叶)(是)(极)(佳)(的)(饮)(品)。
  (这)(一)(影)(响)(在)(唐)(朝)(时)(候)(并)(不)(明)(显)。
  (对)(于)(有)(足)(够)(马)(场)(与)(优)(良)(养)(马)(业)(的)(唐)(朝)(人)(来)(说),(茶)(只)(是)(对)(外)(出)(口)(和)(笼)(络)(对)(方)(上)(层)(的)(武)(器)。
  (但)(到)(了)(战)(马)(养)(殖)(业)(发)(展)(滞)(后)(的)(宋)(朝),(茶叶)(可)(以)(换)(取)(游)(牧)(战)(马)(的)(优)(势)(就)(非)(常)(要)(命)(了)。
  (在)(北)(宋)(王)(朝)(统)(治)(的)(西)(部)(边)(境)(上),(茶)(马)(古)(道)(便)(是)(在)(这)(种)(中)(原)(产茶)(而)(缺)(马)(的)(硬)(伤)(中)(兴)(起)。
  (中)(原)(的)(商)(贩)(在)(政)(府)(组)(织)(下),(将茶)(运)(送)(到)(边)(境)(地)(区),(恭)(候)(多)(时)(的)(部)(落)(民)(则)(将)(马)(匹)(带)(到)(当)(地)(集)(市)。
  (双)(方)(根)(据)(当)(时)(的)(市)(场)(价)(格)(来)(平)(衡)(交)(易茶叶)(和)(马)(匹)。
  (到)(了)(南)(宋),(北)(方)(大)(片)(地)(区)(沦)(陷)(丢)(失),(马)(场)(被)(南)(下)(的)(金)(国)(人)(占)(领)。
  (茶)(马)(古)(道)(成)(为)(了)(南)(宋)(军)(队)(最)(为)(主)(要)(的)(外)(来)(马)(匹)(引)(进)(渠)(道)。
  (于)(是),(一)(贯)(价)(格)(高)(昂)的(茶叶),(突)(然)(间)(价)(格)(跳)(水),(而)(马)(匹)(的)(价)(格)(则)(是)(水)(涨)(船)(高)。
  (这)(个)(情)(况)(一)(直)(保)(持)(到)(了)(元)(朝)(占)(领)(当)(地),(茶)(马)(贸)(易)(才)(恢)(复)(正)(常)(的)(价)(格)(比)。
  (明)(朝)(立)(国)(后),(茶)(马)(古)(道)(再)(次)(受)(到)(了)(严)(重)(的)(冲)(击)。
  (由)(于)(明)(朝)(一)(直)(以)(限)(制)(和)(全)(盘)(掌)(控)(商)(业)(为)(主)(要)(目)(的),(所)(以)(对茶)(马)(古)(道)(山)(上)的(茶叶)(马)(匹)(交)(换)(比),(做)(了)(严)(格)(的)(死)(规)(定)。
  (在)(继)(承)(了)(宋)(朝)(糟)(糕)(的)(养)(马)(制)(度)(与)(北)(方)(蒙)(古)(势)(力)(的)(持)(久)(对)(抗)(战)(略)(后),(茶)(马)(古)(道)(依)(然)(成)(为)(了)(帝)(国)(获)(得)(游)(牧)(战)(马)(的)(主)(要)(途)(径)(之)(一)。
  (而)(不)(按)(市)(场)(价)(格)(为)(标)(准)(的)(兑)(换)(比)(死)(规)(定),(则)(让)(国)(内)(的)(商)(人)(和)(游)(牧)(部)(落)(都)(不)(满)(意)。
  (前)(者)(被)(完)(全)(踢)(出)(了)(由)(朝)(廷)(把)(控)的(茶)(马)(贸)(易),(后)(者)(则)(发)(现)(战)(马)(不)(足)(以)(换)(到)(足)(够)(多)的(茶叶)。
  (结)(果),(走)(私)的(茶叶)(贩)(兴)(起),(在)(酷)(刑)(的)(威)(胁)(下),(屡)(禁)(不)(止)。
  (而)(越)(来)(越)(多)(的)(部)(落)(开)(始)(不)(再)(到)(明)(朝)(本)(身)(控)(制)(的)(市)(场)(来)(交)(易)(马)(匹)。
  (私)(人)(商)(贩)(与)(外)(族)(部)(落)(之)(间)(的)(利)(益)(联)(合),(让茶)(马)(古)(道)(在)(明)(朝)(中)(期)(差)(点)(濒)(临)(倒)(闭)。
  

茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)茶马古道比丝绸之路


茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)茶马古道比丝绸之路 古代南方丝绸之路共有三条:东线从四川经贵州、广西、广东至南海,史称“牂牁道”或“夜郎道”;中线从四川经云南到越南和中南半岛,史称“步头道”或“进桑道”;西线从四川经云南至缅甸、印度并进一步通往中亚、西亚和欧洲地中海地区,史称“蜀身毒道”。从中可以看出,无论东线、中线还是西线,其
茶马古道比丝绸之路

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      茶叶:丝绸之路上最经久不衰的产品(上)